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Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Key Points

  • Hydrocarbons: alkanes (Cโ‚™Hโ‚‚โ‚™โ‚Šโ‚‚), alkenes (Cโ‚™Hโ‚‚โ‚™), alkynes (Cโ‚™Hโ‚‚โ‚™โ‚‹โ‚‚)
  • Functional groups: -OH (alcohol), -COOH (carboxylic acid), -CHO (aldehyde), -CO- (ketone)
  • Isomers: same molecular formula, different structural formula
  • Addition reaction: alkenes + Hโ‚‚, Clโ‚‚, HCl, Hโ‚‚O
  • Esterification: alcohol + carboxylic acid โ†’ ester + water

Detailed Notes

Organic chemistry covers carbon compounds. Master the naming of organic compounds (IUPAC nomenclature). Understand the reactions of each functional group. Alkanes undergo substitution reactions; alkenes undergo addition reactions. The test for alkenes is decolourisation of bromine water. Fermentation: glucose โ†’ ethanol + COโ‚‚ (yeast catalyst).

Key Formulas & Facts

Alkane General Formula
Cโ‚™Hโ‚‚โ‚™โ‚Šโ‚‚
Alkene General Formula
Cโ‚™Hโ‚‚โ‚™
Alkyne General Formula
Cโ‚™Hโ‚‚โ‚™โ‚‹โ‚‚
Esterification
Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid โ‡Œ Ester + Water