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Mathematics

Algebra

Key Points

  • Quadratic formula: x = (-b ± √(b²-4ac)) / 2a
  • Factorisation: find two numbers that multiply to ac and add to b
  • Simultaneous equations: substitution or elimination method
  • Inequalities: flip the inequality sign when multiplying/dividing by a negative
  • Surds: √a × √b = √(ab); √a / √b = √(a/b)

Detailed Notes

Algebra is one of the highest-scoring topics in JAMB Mathematics. Master factorisation of quadratics, solving simultaneous equations (substitution and elimination), and working with indices and surds. For quadratic equations, always check if you can factorise before using the formula. Understand the discriminant: b²-4ac > 0 (two real roots), = 0 (one root), < 0 (no real roots).

Key Formulas & Facts

Quadratic Formula
x = (-b ± √(b²-4ac)) / 2a
Difference of Two Squares
a² - b² = (a+b)(a-b)
Perfect Square
(a+b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
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